Sarah Gamm is a highly skilled nuclear campaign analyst and intelligence professional with extensive experience across multiple high-stakes fields, including national security, aerospace, and nuclear risk analysis. Her background features roles within prominent agencies such as the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), NASA, NOAA, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Throughout her career, she has specialized in systems engineering, risk analysis, remote sensing, and satellite technology, contributing to both classified and groundbreaking projects, including involvement with the Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force.

sometimes i get this really weird feeling thinking about what we actually are

we keep talking about humans like we're something separate from the universe, but we're literally made out of the same stuff. atoms, matter, whatever.

and somehow that stuff became conscious.

like... matter somehow arranged itself into something that can look back at reality and ask "why am i here?" or "why is there anything at all?"

thats honestly kinda creepy to me.

because why is there something instead of nothing? if there was just nothing, there wouldnt even be anyone around to notice. no space, no time, no matter, no consciousness, nothing.

but instead theres a universe, and inside it theres these weird little biological things that can actually realise they're here and start questioning the whole thing.

idk if that makes sense lol. i just find consciousness itself kinda strange when you stop taking it for granted.

Has anyone experienced patterns after loss that feel too specific to be coincidences?
I’ve lost both of my Great Danes this year, and I’m struggling with something I can’t shake.
I keep noticing eerily similar patterns surrounding both deaths, who I spoke to beforehand, people suddenly ignoring me when I desperately needed help, similar messages and conversations, references to death beforehand, and other small details that seem to repeat themselves almost exactly. When I was taking both of them to emergency care, the way I took them out of the house was exactly the same.
I became an atheist, and lately I’ve also noticed that whenever I feel like I’m defying the universe, questioning everything, or having a serious conflict with someone, something terrible seems to happen to my dogs. It has gotten to the point where part of me feels like the universe, some entity, or something is coming after the beings I love most.
I realize grief can make our brains search for patterns, especially after traumatic losses, and I’m not claiming I know that anything supernatural is actually happening. But experiencing so many similarities twice in one year has really shaken me.
Has anyone gone through repeated losses or coincidences that felt this specific? How did you make sense of it, especially if you stopped believing in God or religion?

One question I keep coming back to with the Watchers is what these stories would look like from their side. If you approached Genesis and Enoch as a science-fiction premise, how would the motives change? What would people living thousands of years ago make of something they had no language or technology to explain?

Curious which part of the Watchers story other people find most unsettling—the knowledge they bring, their interference with humanity, or the motives we’re left trying to understand?

This is a new AMC show that seems right up our alley here on r/HighStrangeness.

It’s available on broadcast TV via Sundance Channel or streaming on AMC+

I think you can get a trial subscription to AMC+

https://www.amcplus.com/pages/ways-to-watch

It usually generates a crystal clear image of something random for me (i.e. a young man sat in a room, hunched over something on the table in front of him; what might be the terrain of some alien planet), and usually happens fairly deep into meditation.

Sometimes I'm able to hang around and the vision expands to fit my entire mind's eye, moving freely as if I'm there. I've seen a spinning planetarium of stars and other scenes this way.

Is there merit to it? Do you experience this too? I'm curious.

This is complete speculation, but maybe humans have a natural talent for remote viewing and this is a rare and useful ability. I don't have any experience trying to do it myself, but there does appear to be evidence that we (humans) can fairly easily learn how to remote view with practice/training. There is enough evidence for it that the CIA took it seriously.

So, if we assume remote viewing is legit and if there are other advanced species in the universe then its logical to assume that there is competition among them. If remote viewing is a rare ability and humans can do it with training, then it would explain why they would be interested in us. It would also explain efforts at creating hybrids if that was a real thing as well.

There are important reasons why UFOs and other associated phenomena labeled as “paranormal” are not studied by mainstream academic science. It is not realistic to expect that professional scientists could adequately investigate flying saucers even if they attempted to do so. This is not only because the scientific establishment is under the economic control of ruling elites that in my opinion view flying saucers as a profound threat to their power. In addition, until very recently, if scientific researchers dared to openly declare UFOs to be a subject worthy of investigations and then initiated them, those scientists would surely lose institutional funding thus ending their careers. It is important to note that the newly established Galileo Project relies on private non-institutional funding and is seen as highly controversial by the scientific establishment. 

A POWERFUL TELEPATHIC INTELLIGENCE

When addressing flying saucers, we are dealing with powerful non-human intelligences that in my experience are totally telepathic. They are not only smarter than us, but they also choose to deliberately keep secret who they truly are and why they do what they do. Science can’t create experiments to study them because the so-called aliens almost always stage encounters with us exclusively on their terms. Establishing scientifically controlled conditions required for experimentation is impossible under these circumstances.

STRIVING FOR MORE OPENNESS AND EQUALITY

Many contact experiencers describe interacting with UFO intelligence on an ongoing basis. I consider myself an experiencer as well. As such, we can strive to negotiate with these non-human forces hoping to achieve more openness and equality in our relationships with them. But this is something professional science can’t do because it is designed to investigate objective mechanisms of the natural world. The actions of a mysterious non-human intelligence can in no way be described as “objective.”

USING THE TOOLS OF SCIENCE

As flying saucer investigators, we use the tools of science to study UFO intelligence. As experiencers with ongoing encounters we have opportunities to make detailed observations under a wide range of circumstances. We may employ technology that has been created by science such as video cameras, night vision scopes, telescopes, and electromagnetic field detectors. These devices help us generate data, but we analyze this data not as academic scientists do, say working in a laboratory with strict technical protocols. Instead we operate in ways similar to criminal investigators or intelligence agents. 

THE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE MODEL MAY BE A BETTER FIT

An even better paradigm than the scientific model, in my opinion, is to view our research within the intelligence-counterintelligence model first put forward two decades ago by the talented non-human intelligence analyst Val Germann. Prominent UFO investigators sadly ignore his work, like that of so many other important thinkers in this field. 

I have modified his 1990s analysis to serve the needs of what I imagine will be a future social movement addressing the issue of flying saucers with the goal of linking the phenomenon to possible solutions for the seemingly unsurmountable challenges facing humanity. These include war, racism, environmental pollution and the resulting global climate change. 

WORKING FOR A “HIGHER INTELLIGENCE AGENCY”

In a certain sense the entire flying saucer subculture, our videos, books, the oh-so-many entertaining talks by celebrities often called “leaders”, can be viewed as being “agents of influence” working for a “higher intelligence agency.” The phrase “higher intelligence agency” was coined by Dr. Jacques Vallee in his classic work, “Messengers of Deception.” 

In my opinion, Vallee’s important research should be carefully studied and discussed by UFO activists, experiencers, and investigators. Alas, flying saucer enthusiasts often ignore his radical analysis. Unfortunately, many UFO fans would prefer to argue over the latest video posted on YouTube rather than to reflect on how we are interacting with UFOs in a broad psychosocial context. 

FLYING SAUCERS THREATEN ALL TERRESTRIAL ELITES

Fortunately a growing number of observers now understand that our determination to uncover the truth is opposed by all terrestrial elites. And these powerful groups empower special operatives, the so-called “control groups” to keep a lid on the UFO situation. In my experience, their clandestine operations have targeted UFO experiencers, for surveillance and even “dirty tricks.” Alleged military abductions of contact experiencers referred to as Milabs (if such attacks are real) would fall into this targeted category.

In some extreme cases, the control groups might even deal with us as if we were “enemy agents” in a war like situation. This stance, although extremely unenlightened from my point of view, has a kind of logic to it. There are many well-documented accounts within the UFO literature that describe conflict between terrestrial armed forces and flying saucers. Those that promote friendship and cooperation are possibly viewed by some elements within the control groups as giving “comfort to an enemy” in an undeclared war. 

UFOs AND THOSE THAT STUDY THEM ARE NOT THE ENEMY

In my opinion, we as UFO witnesses, contact experiencers, and seasoned investigators are not anybody’s enemy. We are truth seekers that have encountered something truly amazing, a phenomenon that is undeniably a great mystery. And as we attempt to solve this enigma, we should search for peaceful life affirming ways to understand better not only what UFOs are, but also how our civilization might be able to evolve by interacting with them. This goes way beyond what professional science should be asked to accomplish.

Additional Comments by the author:

Hundreds of years ago, the Christian religious establishment considered science to be “heretical” when it served as a champion for the truth against forces of ignorance and superstition. Now professional science serves the power elites and refuses to take an interest in anomalies that just might hold the key to solving great mysteries. The greatest mystery of all might be what is the nature of consciousness.

At the end of the 19th century, the scientific establishment lived in a mental universe in which Newtonian mechanics was viewed as a complete explanation of the cosmos. One prominent physicist boasted that only the next set of decimal points in old calculations needed to be worked out. Then within two decades, relativity and quantum mechanics burst forth on the scene. And with these discoveries all modern electronics, computers, space travel and the creation of a new scientific paradigm was forged. 

Alas, professional science has become the servant of power, but that too can change. ESP, UFOs, ghosts, and a host of other subjects, now designated as the “Contact Modalities” by author Rey Hernandez, await the attention of professional science. The struggle to change the agenda of institutional science will not be an easy one. This is because academic institution-based research is controlled primarily by corporate and the US Federal government agendas. The control system is maintained by political and academic operatives that control funding for research. 

To explore the Contact Modalities in their complexities will require a new generation of scientists who refuse to be stifled by the institutional imperatives that serve the corporate and oligarchic interests. This next generation will need to focus on consciousness and accept the possibility that consciousness and not mass/energy is the wellspring of creation. 

Institutional science has become a kind of materialist secular religion that has been called scientism. Anomalies that contradict existing theories of causation and mind-matter separation are denied. As mentioned above, maverick scientists are disciplined with loss of funding when they commit the heresy of merely expressing an interest in forbidden topics. 

Joseph Burkes MD

Hey,

For the last few months I’ve been chipping away at something for this corner of the internet: a single place to look up a being, a case, a place, or a government file and see the story, the dates, the sources, and what the mainstream take actually is, without five tabs of Fandom, a YouTube recap, and a screenshot from 2014.

I finally got it live and wanted to share. It’s called anomalywiki.com, and the point is simple. High strangeness is a maze of contactee books, newspaper flaps, later movies, and real paperwork. Figuring out whether “Nordic” means Adamski’s 1952 desert visitor or later Pleiadian channeling, whether Phoenix Lights is one event or two, or what AARO’s historical report actually says usually means a rabbit hole.

Here’s what it covers:

• Beings, places, phenomena, artifacts, lost-civ claims, and official records in one catalog (a couple hundred entries so far)
• For each page: the core story, a timeline, sources, and a clear split between attributed reports and the ordinary explanation
• For beings, identification notes on what witnesses described (silhouette, size, the marks people actually mention)
• The alien-types list is at anomalywiki.com/hubs/types-of-aliens/, including Greys, Nordics, Reptilians, Mantids, Pleiadians, Tall Whites, and the Hopkinsville goblins
• UFO cases are on anomalywiki.com/hubs/ufo-cases/, including Kenneth Arnold, Betty and Barney Hill, Socorro, Rendlesham, Phoenix Lights, and the Nimitz Tic Tac
• Cryptids start at anomalywiki.com/hubs/cryptids/ (Mothman, Jersey Devil, Flatwoods, Chupacabra, Dogman, and others)
• Official files sit under anomalywiki.com/official-records/ (AARO Historical Record Vol. I, Blue Book material, FBI triangle reports, Fravor’s Nimitz testimony, PURSUE / war.gov UAP docs)

I started building this because I kept getting burned: a “type of alien” that was really one author’s 1970s book, a “UFO case” that mixed two different nights, or a viral claim that ignored a primary PDF sitting on a .gov. So I built the thing I wanted to exist.

It’s just me working on this on the side, no team.

Would love for you to poke around and tell me what’s missing or wrong. This is the named, documented set, not every backyard light or every regional cryptid with three Facebook posts. If there’s a case, being, or file that should be on here, I’m all ears.

Let me know if you have anything you would like to be added. My goal is to eventually get more evidence and accounts for each anomaly.

Oct 4th 2:22 am

Long Island ny

Tree line again also have other videos with a odd disruption of my normal editing techniques.. usually this means we got something different. I will provide more info and other vintages in other videos im working on. I would also love for some one to analyze one for me if they can. There are some things that are really starting to stick out with these videos.

This video was taken from a Window like before also I stabilized it on the ledge of one them it has something drop down or come up through the trees but still shows things that make no sense to me .. the next video i will post will have no editing and be full screen.

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-a-ghosts-evidence-con_b_9252062

It was the first -- and only -- time testimony from a ghost was admitted as evidence in a United States Superior Court trial and it secured a conviction.

For me, this is the part of Simulation Theory I find more interesting than whether we can prove it.

So let's say that we chose to enter this reality... Okay, then why?

Maybe it's entertainment? Maybe it's like a right of passage? Or maybe there's something you can gain here that you missed outside of it?

Thinking about it that way, then what do you think would make entering this place worth it?

When I was around 6, sometimes id get scared in the middle of the night and go sleep with my parents in their room.

I remember one night, I lay awake in their room, in the complete darkness, when the door opened. I remember various shapes walking through. For some reason as a kid, I wasnt scared by this. I watched as the dark shapes walked around the room. I woke up my mom and dad to tell them about it and as I was doing so the figures quickly left, even closing the door behind them.

Soon after my parents fell back asleep the door opened again and multiple shapes started coming back in. One was tall, and in the dark, looked to be bird like. The others were short. I vividly remember getting off their bed and going to touch one of them to make sure it was real. I remember its skin being cold, and I got scared and thats all I remember of that instance.

Another time at the same house, early in the morning maybe 5am or 6, just after the sun rose, I saw a creature in my parents window looking at me. Now can recognize it as a typical "gray" alien. I remember it communicating with me, telling me I should come outside and play, and not to wake up my parents. I remember I really wanted to but my parents lessons on "stranger danger" paid off and I didnt, and so it went away and my parents woke up.

Another time, all at the same house, in another early morning before my parents woke up; I went to the living room to find on our front porch, a figure wearing what looks kind of like a hazmat suit peering through the window. I waved to it and it just stared, so I ran to wake up my parents and when they came out it was gone.

I have carried these memories my entire life. I dont feel like im crazy, though I understand that these do sound insane. Its very possible im just misremembering or my mind is fabricating things. Im in my 30s and to this day im still scared to sleep in the dark. I just want to know if anyone else has gone through something like this too.

This footage was posted 15 years ago, before the official Pentagon disclosures regarding UAP, and was promptly forgotten/lost to time. The original video upload still exists.

(NB - To pre-empt an obvious comparison: DisinfoCon took place in September 2000 and 'Donny Darko' was released in US theatres in January 2001)

Link:

YouTube link to the entire DisinfoCon 2000 event, including other interesting speakers alongside Morrison such as Joe Coleman, Douglas Rushkoff, and Robert Anton Wilson (3:34:57):

https://youtu.be/0t_Uk2lzXIo?si=MAnT3DEHtykekxTg

Edit: Grant Morrison's full talk starts at 31:15 into that linked YT video. But EAR WARNING! it starts with a loud scream, so... yeah, I warned you.

Edi2: Please note, I messed up: I forgot that Grant Morrison identifies as non-binary, and so I should have used they/them pronouns in the title. But, of course, we are unable to edit post titles here on Reddit, and so for the record, I thought I should at least add this edit. My sincerest apologies.

Ghost Theory investigates a 300-year-old abandoned cottage which sits upon a forgotten plague pit.
The guys explore the dark interior of this eerie structure, navigating through empty halls and rooms with only flashlights to guide them. They document every corner of the property to see whether there is any truth to the local legends surrounding it. In the house, the boys encounter a number of strange anomalies, but are they paranormal, or is someone pranking them

This is kind of an update, but weird things are still going on when I close my eyes. Last month I posted about Closed Eye Visuals (CEV) I saw, and well they kept happening, so I started drawing them in GIMP and I'd like to share with someone. Keep in mind, I have schizophrenia, I am not using any drug to see these, and yes I'm aware this might be aliens.

Link to my last post: https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangeness/comments/1vtzuu0/has_anyone_studied_their_closed_eye_visuals_cev/

[1] (8/14/26) It's a trinity, or tomoe. I described it as:
"I don't remember my thoughts, but I was laying in bed and an edible was kicking in. It was wispy fabric-like imperfect rectangles that moved in a CW windmill rotation and all translating right. Individually the rectangles moved organically"

[2] (8/14/26) The image is of what looked like a hazy cloud moving off out of my vision. Then an eye appeared (I didn't feel confident in my memory of the eye to draw it at the time). This got me to pay attention. I described it as :
"Crying in a moment of twisting emotions and sad betrayal. No lights, and a cloudy blop moved aside. The eye was drawing-like, but I don't feel confident in recreating it. This was different from the other ones, more of an image rather than a defined shape."

[3] (9/3/26) I thought someone I knew had died. I was crying and then I saw this appear and was animated too. I described it as:
"I was crying thinking about death, and saw a kiss made of many white lines. It staying for a moment having trouble fading, then it vanished into a wide dim light. It was so pretty and turned my sad tears into happy ones"

[4] (9/9/26) This one I feel is like me receiving or transmitting information. Sometimes the visual noise comes in at me, or sometimes it moves outward and spreads. I described it as:
"Outward or Inward. Not a shape or image, like a movement of lighter visual noise within darker visual noise. It seems to either spread or condense."

[5] (mid september, pre-9/15) Spots of different colors started appearing. Slightly distorted but color was there. I described it as:
"Don't remember my emotional state, but was social. I closed my eyes and it looked like iridescent but in a sparse colorful noise kind of way little area. Like something invisible causing a shimmer in one spot. Fractals? And ripples like a thumbprint"

[6] (9/15/26) It started with a deluge of information that I kept writing down. It kept coming and coming. It felt like I was learning new things out of nowhere. This was the first CEV I saw during this intense period. I described it as:
"I see the white and black dots > "Do you fear death" > nothing maybe 1 light appeared > "does a transition exist" > ..."

[7] (9/15/26) This was the beginning of what I call, a glimpse of the transition. It started while I was falling asleep. It felt like vibration all throughout my body. I described it as:
"I closed my eyes and everything was shimmering, like vibrating. Like energized or something. I’m so tired tho, I can’t recreate it. I didn’t see any lights, but everything was moving more than usual"

[8] (9/15/26) I wrote the note above and closed my eyes again. I saw superposition and destruction of waves. I described it as:
"I was fantasying about sex when I noticed -> inward on my left half of vision on a black circle, also inward i think towards and away on my right on light circle. Really active multiple superposition and destruction. Underwater waves."
[8.5] (9/15/26) No image here. I wrote the note above then closed my eyes again. It felt like I just arrived to heaven if I'm honest. I described it as: "No images or much visual noise. Calm. Tho I feel like I am floating in place in water, bobbing left and right. Crazy how it goes back to normal after those waves and vibrations"

[9] (This one happened sometime later than the previous ones, but before 9/26) So up until 9\26, I have been having extremely long days just zoning out, thinking about the world, and writing different theories. Thoughts or questions come to me and I need to write down what I think. It has been kinda crazy if I'm being honest. Like I'm a prophet or a test subject for aliens. This is Yin & Yang most definitely, I described it as:
"I was really into colors, post 9/15. It started as a circular blob with chaotic edges, then formed into a yin and yang type thing. Based on drawing I did."

[10] Drawing I did immediately after seeing the Yin & Yang.

[11] Okay, I don't want to say what I was thinking for this one. It's for my own protection, I think it's best not to.

I have been keeping this to myself for awhile now. It's been a ride. Anyone else have intense thoughts recently? Or see anything when you close your eyes?

The name Amalekites in Arabian and Islamic heritage refers to a group of Semitic peoples who settled in scattered regions of the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, and Egypt. They are mostly traced back to Amaliq or Amalayq, who was among the children of Laudh ibn Sam ibn Noah, according to what a number of genealogists and Arab historians have mentioned.

They were mentioned in Islamic and Arab sources as belonging to the "Arabized Arabs" or the "extinct Arabs," a designation referring to the ancient Arab peoples who perished before Islam. Genealogists agree that Amaliq ibn Laudh is the father of the Amalekites, the Pharaohs, and the tyrants in Egypt and the Levant, and that his descendants dispersed throughout the lands, so that among them were the people of Oman, the Hejaz, the Levant, and Egypt.

Some modern historians believe that the Amalekites who ruled Egypt are the same as the Hyksos, the shepherd kings who invaded Egypt and ruled it for centuries, while others distinguish between them and the Hyksos, considering the Amalekites to have been an earlier Semitic wave or contemporary with the Hyksos in the rule of the Nile Valley. Jurji Zaydan mentions that historians mean by the Amalekites the ancient Arabs, especially the people of northern Hijaz adjacent to the Sinai Peninsula, who conquered Egypt under the name "Shasu" (the Bedouin shepherds), whom the Greeks call "Hyksos." Arab historians relied in drawing the picture of Amalekite rule in Egypt on a group of diverse sources, some derived from the Torah and Isra'iliyyat (Talmudic and Folkloric tales) and some derived from folkloric Egyptian Coptic narratives.

Among the most prominent who devoted wide space to this topic in their books are: Al-Masudi (Herodotus of Arabs) in "Meadows of Gold" and "Akhbar al-Zaman," Al-Maqrizi in "Al-Khitat" (Exhortations and Consideration), Ibn Taghribirdi in "The Brilliant Stars," ," Ibn Kathir in "The Beginning and the End," Al-Tabari in "The History of Nations and Kings".

All these sources agree that Amalekite rule in Egypt was a decisive period in the history of the Nile Valley, combining military conquest, settlement, interaction with the prophets, and gradual integration into the Egyptian fabric, until their state ended at the hand of the Pharaoh of Moses, so that their memory became part of the Arab historical memory of ancient Egypt.

Ibn Taghribirdi mentioned in "The Brilliant Stars" that those who ruled Egypt, according to the agreement of many historians despite differences among them, from the Pharaohs and others: thirty-two Pharaohs; from the kings of Babylon who ruled Egypt: five; from the Amalekites, who came to it from the Levant: four; from the Romans: seven; and from the Greeks: ten. Al-Masudi mentions that the duration of rule over Egypt by the Pharaohs, Persians, Romans, Amalekites, and Greeks reached one thousand three hundred years.

------------------------------

Al-Walid ibn Dum'a - Founder of Amalekite Rule in Egypt

Traditional narratives agree that Amalekite rule in Egypt began with an invasion coming from the Levant, at the hand of their king Al-Walid ibn Dum'a (also written "Al-Walid ibn Darma'a" or "Al-Walid ibn Dumgh"), who is described in the sources as "severe in might" and possessing a dense army, so he overcame the kingdom of Egypt after the Coptic state weakened following the rule of the two queens Huriyya and Zalifa. Several narratives mention that Al-Walid ibn Dum'a had set out with a great army moving through countries and subjugating their kings. When he reached the Levant, he sent a slave of his named "Awn" to Egypt, and he conquered it. Then he himself came afterward, ravaged the people of Egypt, took their wealth, and killed a group of their priests.

Sources differ regarding his lineage. It was said he was Al-Walid ibn Amr ibn Arasha, and it was said Al-Walid ibn Dum'a ibn Laudh. Some say that he was among the Amalekites who trace back to Amaliq ibn Laudh ibn Sam ibn Noah.

His rule lasted one hundred and twenty years, according to what Ibn Taghribirdi mentioned in "The Brilliant Stars" and Al-Maqrizi in "Al-Khitat." Among the strangest things traditional sources narrate about Al-Walid ibn Dum'a is that after his rule in Egypt became established, he set out on a military campaign to explore the sources of the Nile and learn what peoples were along its banks. He traveled until he reached "Mount Qamar" (the Mountain of the Moon), from beneath which the Nile is said to emerge, and reached "the Temple of the Sun" and "the Land of Gold" that grows rods of gold. Narratives mention that his absence from Egypt lasted seventy years. During his absence, his slave Awn claimed kingship for himself, denied that he was Al-Walid's slave, claimed he was his brother from Dum'a, and rose against the people, overpowering them by magic. He ravaged the people of Egypt and ruled them for one hundred and twenty years until he perished.

Sources differ regarding the end of Al-Walid ibn Dum'a. It was said that one day he rode a horse and went out hunting, and his horse threw him into a hollow, so he perished. It was also said that a wild beast attacked him and ate his flesh. Al-Maqrizi mentions in "Al-Khitat" that Ain Shams - Heliopolis was built by Al-Walid ibn Dum'a, one of the Amalekite kings; it was also said that Al-Rabban ibn Al-Walid built it, and it was his royal seat.

--------------------

Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid - The Pharaoh of Joseph

Al-Walid ibn Dum'a was succeeded in the rule of Egypt by his son Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid, who is known in Arab and Coptic sources as "Nahraws" or "Naqraws" or "Nabraush." He is described as having been "the strongest of the people of the earth in his time and the greatest of them in kingship."

Arab historians agree that Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid is the Pharaoh of Joseph, peace be upon him, that is, the king who lived in the time of the Prophet Joseph and met him in Egypt, who ultimately believed in him and appointed him over the treasuries of Egypt. Ibn Taghribirdi mentions in "The Brilliant Stars": "Then after him ruled Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid the Amalekite, and he is the Pharaoh of Joseph, peace be upon him."

Al-Masudi mentions in "Meadows of Gold" that Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid "settled in the city of Ain Shams upon his accession to rule, after the kings before him had settled in the city of Memphis." It is narrated that he remitted taxes from the people for three years, opened the treasuries of wealth, and distributed them to the weak, so the people loved him and thanked him. His rule also lasted one hundred and twenty years, which corresponds to what was mentioned about the age of Joseph, peace be upon him, who died at the age of one hundred and twenty.

Sources mention that Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid was great in stature, handsome of face, wise, a leader of the people, and majestic, and that he took interest in building the Fortress of Babylon (Qasr al-Sham'), the fortress whose name later became associated with the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Al-Maqrizi mentions that the lighthouse of Alexandria was built in his time or in the time of one after him.

The story of Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid in Islamic sources is closely connected to the story of the Prophet Joseph, peace be upon him. It is mentioned that when Joseph reached Egypt and was bought by the Aziz - courtier "Qutfir" ("Potiphar"), Al-Rayyan was the king.

The Aziz was a man of reason, sound judgment, and upright soul, inclined to justice, and he is the one God Almighty mentioned in the Noble Qur'an in the story of Joseph. Ibn Ishaq mentions that the name of the Aziz was Atfir ibn Rajib (and it was said Qutfir), and he was over the treasuries of Egypt, and the king at that time was Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid ibn Dumgh.

The famous attempted seduction occurred between Joseph and the Aziz's wife, whose name is disputed: it was said Ra'il bint Ra'il, and it was said Zulaykha. Then Joseph was imprisoned for seven years. When Al-Rayyan saw his famous dream — seven fat cows eaten by seven lean ones, and seven green ears of grain and others dry — he gathered the priests, magicians, and wise men, but they could not interpret it.

Joseph was brought out of prison after he interpreted the dream, and the king was impressed by his interpretation. He appointed him over the treasuries of Egypt and made him the successor to the Aziz after his death. Ibn Khaldun mentions that the king "employed him as the king of Egypt, when he feared years of drought and high prices, over the granaries of crops throughout his kingdom, to estimate their collection and distribution of provisions from them, and gave him free rein in that in all his affairs. He put his ring on him and mounted him on his vehicle, and Joseph at that time was thirty years old."

Among the most prominent features of the story of Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid in Arab heritage is that he believed in Joseph and converted to Monotheism at his hands. Ibn Kathir in "The Beginning and the End" and Al-Hanbali in "The Pleasant Companion" mention that Joseph, peace be upon him, "called Al-Rayyan, Pharaoh of Egypt, to faith, and he believed in him."

Ibn Kathir confirms this report in his exegesis, saying: "The king became Monotheist at the hands of Joseph, peace be upon him." This point is central to distinguishing between Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid and the Pharaoh of Moses, since the majority of historians and exegetes hold that Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid died a believer, while the Pharaoh of Moses was among the most tyrannical disbelievers.

Among the most prominent projects associated with the era of Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid was the project of reclaiming the land of Faiyum, supervised by the Prophet Joseph, peace be upon him. Sources narrate that Joseph "worked the Faiyum" in Al-Rayyan's time, and that the people of Egypt complained about him to the king, saying: "He has grown old and his benefit has decreased." The king was informed of that, and he said to him: "I have granted this district to my daughter," and it was a place of water pools. Joseph managed it: he removed its obstacles, led the channel, built the Lahun, and made the water in it measured and weighed, and he finished all of that in four months, and they marveled at Joseph's wisdom.

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Darim ibn Al-Rayyan - The Fourth Pharaoh

After the death of Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid, his son Darim ibn Al-Rayyan (called in some sources Drimus) ruled Egypt. He is the fourth Pharaoh according to the Copts, in the classification of Arab historians. Ibn Taghribirdi mentions in "The Brilliant Stars": "Then after him ruled Darim ibn Al-Rayyan the Amalekite." In Darim's time, Joseph the truthful one, peace be upon him, died. Darim became tyrannical and his disbelief intensified, and he departed from the way of his father. Joseph, peace be upon him, was his deputy as he had been with his father, by the command of Al-Rayyan, and Joseph would guide him, so sometimes he accepted from him and sometimes he opposed him.

In his time, a silver mine appeared three days from the Nile, and he extracted from it something immense. He made from it an idol in the name of the moon, because its ascendant was in Cancer. He erected it on the marble palace that his father had built on the east bank of the Nile, and he set around it idols all of silver, clothed them in red silk, and made for them a festival every year.

Then Darim increased in tyranny until he took away every beautiful woman in the city of Memphis from her family; no beautiful woman was heard of in any district but she was brought to him. That spread throughout the kingdom, and the people were disturbed by his deed, until they gathered to depose him.

Some narratives mention that he rode on the Nile, and God sent upon him a violent wind that drowned him near Helwan. Darim appointed after Joseph, Balatis ibn Mansa the priest as vizier, and Balatis permitted him what Joseph had prevented him from, and incited him to harm people and take their wealth.

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Kames ibn Ma'dan - The Fifth Pharaoh

Then after him ruled Kames ibn Ma'dan the Amalekite (also called Aqsamas ibn Ma'dan), and he is the fifth Pharaoh according to the Copts. Ibn Taghribirdi mentions: "Then after him ruled Kames ibn Ma'dan the Amalekite." Kames attempted to demolish the two pyramids, but the wise men of Egypt said to him that the revenue of Egypt would not suffice for their blood, and that they were the tombs of two great prophets, so he refrained from demolishing them.

His rule lasted thirty-one years, according to what Al-Qalqashandi mentioned in "Subh al-A'sha." It is narrated that the lighthouse of Alexandria was built in his time or in the time of one after him. It is also mentioned that the Amalekites continued to rule Egypt for about one hundred years, until their state ended at the hand of Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab, who is the Pharaoh of Moses, peace be upon him.

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Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab - The Pharaoh of Moses and the End of Amalekite Rule

Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab is considered the last of the Amalekite kings in Egypt, and he is the Pharaoh of Moses, whom is mentioned in the Noble Qur'an.

Sources differ greatly regarding his personality. Some sources mention that he was one of the Amalekites themselves, and that he was from the descendants of Al-Rayyan ibn Al-Walid, while other sources assert that he was one of the Copts, and that in the beginning he was the chief of police for Kames the Amalekite.

When the Copts increased, they made him king after Kames, and from that time the Amalekite state in Egypt ended. 

Al-Nuwayri mentions in "The Ultimate Ambition" that the Pharaoh of Moses was "Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab ibn Ashmeer ibn Al-Hawn ibn Amaliq ibn Laudh ibn Sam," which makes him an Amalekite by lineage.

Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab is described in traditional books as having been lame, short in stature, blind in the left eye, with a long beard. He was originally a man from Greater Khorasan or from the city of Balkh, working as a perfumer, then he migrated to Egypt after debts accumulated upon him. It is mentioned that he claimed divinity and said to the Egyptians, "I am your most high lord," so Moses and Aaron, peace be upon them, warned him, but he resisted and pursued them and the Israelites, so he and his army drowned in the sea, as stated in the Noble Qur'an.

Sources narrate that the Pharaoh of Moses was a rebellious tyrant, and that every rebellious tyrant is called a Pharaoh. Qatada mentions that the Pharaohs were three: the first was Sinan ibn Al-Ashl, the companion of Sarah (the wife of Abraham), who was in Egypt in the time of Al-Khalil; and the third was Al-Walid ibn Mus'ab, who is the Pharaoh of Moses. It is mentioned that Mus'ab ibn Nasim (the father of Pharaoh) was in Egypt herding cattle for his people, and he had a wife called Ra'unah. The Pharaoh of Moses was born in mysterious circumstances and was raised in a strange upbringing, until he reached kingship.

It is mentioned that the Pharaoh of Moses lived four hundred years, and was the harshest and most cruel of the Pharaohs toward the Children of Israel, and no one had a longer reign than him. He claimed divinity and said, "I am your most high lord," so Moses and Aaron warned him, but he was arrogant and obstinate, so God drowned Pharaoh and his soldiers in the sea, and with his death the matter of the Amalekites in Egypt came to an end.

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The End of Amalekite Rule and the Reign of Daluka bint Zaba

After the drowning of Pharaoh and those soldiers who were with him, those remaining in the land of Egypt, the offspring, women, boys, and slaves — feared that the kings of the Levant and the Maghreb would invade them. So they made a woman of opinion and resolve called Daluka king over them. She built around Egypt a wall surrounding all its land and cities to protect it from invasion, This wall was called "Ha'it-el-Agouz" (Wall of the Old Woman) and extended from Aswan in the south to al-Arish in the north and a channel was dug behind it.

She placed guard posts and garrisons every three miles, and between them small guard posts every mile. She placed men in every guard post, assigned them provisions, and ordered them to guard their land by night and day. She ordered the men of the guard posts to use bells.

If one of them saw an enemy creeping toward Egypt, or sensed approaching danger, they would strike their bells, and the news would pass from post to post, from tower to tower, through a connected chain of sounds, until news of the invasion reached the heart of Egypt, to the city of Memphis, “in one hour,” and everyone would prepare to face the enemy. Daluka was also said to have built a nilometer at Memphis and at least one pyramid in Egypt.

The trace of this wall remains to this day, and it is known as "the Wall of the Old Woman." Daluka ruled them for thirty years. She established in Egypt the temples and images, mastered the instruments of magic, and placed in the temples images of whoever came from every direction and their animals. She also depicted in them whoever came by sea in ships, and she gathered in these great temples the secrets of nature and the properties of stones, plants, and animals.

if an army came to them from a certain direction, the images in that direction would move, as if warning them of the place of danger. More wondrous still, what they did to these images -tearing or destroying them- would strike the invading army itself in reality. If they cut off the head of an image, the head of the enemy commander would be cut off; if they gouged out its eye, the eye of the invading army would be gouged out; and if they slit open its belly, the bellies of the soldiers would be slit open.

These "barabi" were stronger than any army and deadlier than any weapon, and no king of the earth was able to defeat Egypt throughout Daluka’s reign because of them. Sources mention that Daluka enlisted in building these "barabi" a great sorceress named “Tadura” or “Tadhura,” whom the sorcerers revered and gave precedence in magic. She came to them and made for them this stone house in the middle of the city of Memphis.

After Daluka’s death, a young man from the noble Coptic families named Darkun ibn Baltus was made king over Egypt, and he ruled with her counsel for a long period. When Darkun died, his son Buds succeeded him, and after Buds passed away, his brother Laqas took the throne but died only three years later without leaving an heir. Laqas was followed by his brother Marina, who ruled and was then succeeded by his son Istimaris, a king who became so tyrannical and corrupt that the people rose against him, deposed him, and killed him.

After Istimaris, the sources mention a series of Coptic rulers whose names varied in the traditions, including Baltus ibn Mikakil, then Bawla, and later a king known as the Lame Pharaoh who was eventually defeated by Nebuchadnezzar.

Thus the Amalekite line was already extinguished, and Egypt passed into the hands of Coptic kings whose reigns were marked by internal strife and external threats until the country fell under foreign domination (Persian Achaemenid rule).

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The End ..

For the record, I don't know this person. Unknown location.